Pathogenesis of Glaucoma

Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, has varied pathogenesis scenario, including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and hypoxic conditions in the retina. Consequently, degenerating optic axons at nerve head are observed clinically when extensive damage already occurred. Following IOP, changes retinal ganglion cells lead to apoptosis immediately followed by degeneration of their axons. Degradation leads cupping visual field losses. Here we emphasize that it is initial targets and, together with hyperactivity astrocytes, create ischemic which represent earliest sign glaucoma.